An ATmega328P microcontroller serves as the foundation for the Arduino UNO, a standard board for the software maker. Compared to other types of Arduino Boards, it is simpler to use.
The pin specifications of the Arduino UNO Board are as follows:
ATmega328 Microcontroller
The ATmega328 Microcontroller belongs to the ATmel family and is a single-chip microcontroller. It has an 8-bit processor core inside. It is a straightforward, low-cost, and low-power microcontroller. The ATmega328 Microcontroller serves as the foundation for the Arduino UNO and Nano models.
Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator’s primary function is to regulate the Arduino board’s voltage level by converting the input voltage to 5V. The regulator’s output voltage remains constant regardless of changes in the input voltage.
GND :- pins grounded. The ground pins are utilized to ground the circuit.
TXD and RXD
Serial communication makes use of the TXD and RXD pins. The RXD is used to receive the data, while the TXD is used to transmit it. Additionally, it symbolizes the efficient flow of data.
USB Interface
The USB cable is plugged into the device via the USB Interface. The board can connect to the computer thanks to this. It is necessary for the Arduino UNO board’s programming.
RESET
Adding a Reset button to the connection is utilized.
SCK
It stands for Serial Clock. These are the clock pulses, which are used to synchronize the transmission of data.
MISO
It stands for Master Input/ Slave Output. The save line in the MISO pin is used to send the data to the master.
VCC
It is the balanced DC supply voltage, which is utilized to control the IC’s utilized in the association. It is likewise called as the essential voltage for IC’s present on the Arduino board. In relation to the GND pin, the value of the Vcc voltage can be either negative or positive.
Crystal Oscillator :- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which makes the Arduino UNO a powerful board.
ICSP
In-Circuit Serial Programming is its acronym. Using the ICSP pins, users can program the firmware of the Arduino board.
With the assistance of the ICSP header, the microcontroller receives the advanced firmware or program.
The ICSP header consists of 6 pins.
The structure of the ICSP header is shown below:
SDA
Serial Data is its abbreviation. The slave and master use this line to send and receive data. SCL is referred to as a clock line, whereas it is referred to as a data line.
SCL
It is spelled Serial Clock. The line that carries the clock data is what it is defined as. Synchronizing the exchange of information between the two devices is utilized. The master is the serial clock that is created by the device.
SPI
Serial Peripheral Interface is its abbreviation. It is famously utilized by the microcontrollers to rapidly speak with at least one fringe gadgets. Data receiving, data sending, synchronization, and device selection are all accomplished through the use of conductors.
MOSI
It represents Expert Result/Slave Information.
The Master directs the MOSI and SCK.
SS
Slave Select is its acronym. The master makes use of the Slave Select line. It serves as an enabler.
I2C
The two-wire serial communication protocol is what it is. Inter Integrated Circuits is its abbreviation. The I2C is a serial communication protocol that sends and receives data between two devices by utilizing SDA (Serial Data) and SCL (Serial Clock).
The board’s operating voltages are 3.3V and 5V.
